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Objective To investigate whether apathy during the acute stage of stroke was related to glycated hemoglobin and homocysteine(Hcy) and functional disability,and to elucidate possible factors that are related to poststroke apathy (PSA).Methods Totally 298 patients with acute cerebral infarction who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited from the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University.The control group of 298 volunteers was recruited from medical center in our hospital during the same period.The apathy scale (AS) was used to assess PSA within 2 weeks after stroke.Patients with an AS score≥ 14 points were defined as PSA,and the patients were divided into apathy group (A group) and non-apathy group (NA group) according to AS score.Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess functional disability.Functional disability in daily living activities was assessed with the Barthel Index(BI).Serum levels of Hcy,glycated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1 c),lipid series and fibrinogen of patients were determined.Results The prevalence of PSA in patients was significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.01).In the case group,A group had an older age,higher mRS score,higher Hcy level,lower educational level,lower BI score,and lower HbA1C level than the NA group(P ＜0.05).In the A group,the mRS score was positively correlated with the AS score(B =1.508,P =0.003),serum Hcy level was positively correlated with the AS score(B =0.170,P =0.013),the HbA1C level was negatively correlated with the AS score(B =-0.872,P =0.031).Conclusions The serum Hcy level,HbA1C level and functional disability are closely related to apathy during the acute stage of ischemic stroke.
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Objective To study on the effect of DNA vaccine, p(Aβ3-10) 10-mIL-4, immunization on behavior and brain Aβ deposition in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.Methods DNA vaccine p(Aβ3-10) 10-mIL-4 was constructed which expressed fusion protein of ten tandem repeats of Aβ3-10 and mouse IL-4.APP/PS1 transgenic mice were vaccinated with p (Aβ3-10) 10-mIL-4.Aβ42 peptide and pcDNA3.1 (+) were injected to the control groups.Anti-Aβ antibody titers were detected before and after vaccination by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ,the spatial learning and memory ability of the mice were evaluated by Morris water maze.The senile plaques in mouse brains were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Compare with pcDNA3.1 (+) group,immunization with the vaccine p (Aβ3-10) 10-mIL-4 in APP/PS1 mice induced high-titer Anti-Aβ antibodies ((27.49±4.51) μg/ml, P＜0.01) ,decreased Aβ deposition (reduced senile plaque number in the cortex and hippocampus by 52.86％ and 58.29％ respectively, P＜0.01) and improved their cognitive ability.Conclusions The immunization with p(Aβ3-10)10-mIL-4 in APP/PS1 mice achieve an ideal effect of vaccination, and p(Aβ3-10) 10-mIL-4 can be an alternative Alzheimer's disease vaccine to further study.
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@# Objective To explore the relationship between apathy and lesion location and serum homocysteine during the acute stage of ischemic stroke. Methods 152 patients with acute cerebral infarction were recruited. 152 volunteers from medical center were as control group. The Apathy Scale (AS) was used to assess poststroke apathy (PSA). National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the severity of stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was used to evaluate the lesion location. Modified Fazekas Scale was used to assess leukoaraiosis. The serum levels of homocysteine of patients were determined. Results The prevalence of PSA was significantly higher in the patients than in the control group (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that frontal lesion (P=0.001), basal ganglia lesion (P=0.006), pons lesion (P=0.002) and higher homocysteine level (P<0.001) significantly related with PSA. Conclusion Frontal lesion, basal ganglia lesion, pons lesion and higher homocysteine level may be predictors for apathy in acute stage of ischemic stroke.
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Objective To explore the relationship between apathy and lesion location and serum homocysteine during the acute stage of ischemic stroke. Methods 152 patients with acute cerebral infarction were recruited. 152 volunteers from medical center were as control group. The Apathy Scale (AS) was used to assess poststroke apathy (PSA). National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the severity of stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was used to evaluate the lesion lo-cation. Modified Fazekas Scale was used to assess leukoaraiosis. The serum levels of homocysteine of patients were determined. Results The prevalence of PSA was significantly higher in the patients than in the control group (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression demon-strated that frontal lesion (P=0.001), basal ganglia lesion (P=0.006), pons lesion (P=0.002) and higher homocysteine level (P<0.001) signifi-cantly related with PSA. Conclusion Frontal lesion, basal ganglia lesion, pons lesion and higher homocysteine level may be predictors for apathy in acute stage of ischemic stroke.
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Intracranial arterial stenosis is the most common vascular lesions in patients with acute stroke in Chinese population,and most of them are middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis.The treatment of asymptomatic MCA stenosis is mainly to control the risk factors and treat with drugs,and the prognosis is better.Statins can reduce new stroke events.The treatment programs of symptomatic MCA stenosis are mainly to control the risk factors,treat with drugs and stenting.Now it is considered that anticoagulants are not superior to antiplatelet drugs in the treatment of MCA stenosis,but whether dual antiplatelet drugs are superior to monotherapy and stenting remains to be determined.The prognosis of symptomatic MCA stenosis is poor.The prognosis of acute phase mainly depends upon imaging features,and the risk of recurrent stroke is primarily associated with the MCA stenosis.Future research should focus on whether dual antiplatelet therapy is superior to monotherapy,and whether stenting is superior to drug treatment,as well as the relationship between the degree of MCA stenosis and prognosis of acute phase or the risk of recurrent stroke.
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Objective To study the chronic neurotoxicity of aluminum through observing the adverse effect of long term intake of aluminum on the memory of rats.Methods 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and given Al2(SO4)3 through drinking water for 6 months,the concentration of Al3+ in the waters were 0.12 mg/L,40 mg/L,400 mg/L and 2 000 mg/L respectively,then passive avoidance tests were carried out.One month before pregnancy,the dams were given Al3+ of 40 mg/L and 2 000 mg/L respectively,after the offspring were born,the group given high[Al3+] was subdivided into two groups,one continuously drank the water with high [Al3+],the other drank the water without Al3+.The dams drinking water with low [Al3+] and their offspring continued to drink the same water as before.At the age of three months,all the offspring were examined with passive avoidance tests.Results The memory acquirement in all adult rats were not abnormal,but memory retention were severely damaged (P0.05).The rats continuously drinking water with high [Al3+] after birth had significant damage both in memory acquirement and in retention (P